Kraków, one of Poland's oldest and most culturally rich cities, has a history that extends from its mythical founding to its status as a modern cultural hub. Early Beginnings and Medieval Significance Founded on the legend of a dragon defeated by a mythical king, Kraków was recognized as a significant center by the 10th century. It became the seat of Poland's kings with the establishment of Wawel Castle in the 11th century and flourished as a medieval trading hub. In 1364, King Casimir III the Great founded Jagiellonian University, enhancing its status as a center of learning and culture. Renaissance Flourishing and Later Challenges Despite the transfer of the capital to Warsaw in 1596, Kraków remained influential during the Renaissance, thriving culturally and academically. However, the city faced challenges during the Swedish invasions and the Deluge in the 17th century, followed by its annexation by Austria in the partitions of Poland in the late 18th century.